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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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031389
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03138900.025
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1990-09-22
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TECHNOLOGY, Page 55Where the Action IsIn computers, workstations are the workhorses of the future
Like a prima donna basking in applause, the personal computer
has long held center stage in the electronics world. But now the
limelight is shifting to a more glamorous cousin: the workstation.
Small enough to fit on a desktop, the workstation may look like a
personal computer, but it acts more like a powerful mainframe. Says
Charles Boesenberg, executive vice president of MIPS Computer
Systems, one of the many players in the fiercely competitive
workstation market: "What we've done is put the power and
capability of an ocean liner into a speedboat."
Workstations are easily the fastest-growing segment of the
computer industry. Sales reached $4.1 billion last year, a 53%
increase over 1987. "This is a new era in computing," enthuses Data
General President Edson de Castro. "It is the opportunity of a
corporate lifetime." Last week the hottest, newest workstations
went on display at San Francisco's UniForum. Once an obscure trade
show, it attracted more than 22,000 computer buffs this year, and
they were not disappointed. Some 250 exhibitors, from Apollo to
Zenith, put their wares on display. Motorola rolled out a new line
of workstations with up to 60 times the power of a PC. Data General
may have started a price war by introducing a workstation for
$7,450, far less than the typical $20,000 cost. Meanwhile, industry
giants IBM and Digital Equipment were trying to rev up interest in
their latest models. All these competitors are trying to knock off
Sun Microsystems, the clear leader in the workstation business.
Launched only in 1982, the Mountain View, Calif., firm has become
a billion-dollar company on the strength of the new machines.
Until recently, workstations were arcane tools employed mainly
by engineers and scientists. But price reductions and technological
changes have made the computers more practical for many other uses,
such as financial trading and desktop publishing. Says Mark
Tolliver, workstation marketing manager at Hewlett-Packard: "When
people see all the whizzy stuff these machines can do, they want
to try them out." Most workstations now use a standardized internal
operating system known as Unix (which explains why the trade show
is called UniForum). The increasing prevalence of Unix in the
computer industry makes it easier for workstations made by
different manufacturers to communicate with one another and with
larger machines.
Moreover, the newest workstations contain microprocessor chips
endowed with an advanced technology called RISC (reduced
instruction-set computer). Because the instructions embedded in the
circuitry of the streamlined chips are simpler and relatively few
in number, they take less time to execute. The computers that have
RISC chips are faster and more powerful than standard models. One
result is that a workstation can produce graphics that are far more
detailed than those generated by personal computers.
Major players in the RISC-chip business include Sun
Microsystems, MIPS, IBM, Hewlett-Packard and Motorola. Last week
Intel, the world's largest microprocessor manufacturer, put its
seal of approval on the workstation revolution by introducing a
million-transistor chip that incorporates RISC technology.
The only thing holding back the inexorable advance of
workstations is their well-deserved reputation for being as hard
to use as mainframes. To help solve the problem, Sun Microsystems
last week introduced three new software packages -- called
SunWrite, SunPaint and SunDraw -- that will make it much easier for
workstation users to edit text and create dazzling graphic images
on the screen. In addition, the company is working on a line of
machines that would contain a superfast, superpowerful RISC chip
called SPARC and yet be as simple to use as Apple's Macintosh
personal computer. Naturally, computer insiders have dubbed the new
project Sparcintosh.
Industry experts foresee a convergence of the workstation and
personal-computer markets. "A workstation is really a
second-generation PC," notes David Burdick, a senior analyst for
the Dataquest research firm. But the power of the latest machines
puts them in a different class altogether. No wonder, then, that
Opus Systems, a small Silicon Valley company, has given a
distinctive name to its new workstation: Personal Mainframe.